BEF-China

The Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning experiment in China has been established in 2009. It involves a huge pool of subtropic tree and shrub species. The main goal is determining the role of tree and shrub species diversity for production, element cycling and species conservation in Chinese subtropical forest ecosystems. Novel ecosystem functioning variables highly relevant for environmental issues in China are also investigated, e.g., prevention of soil erosion, carbon sequestration, and resistance to invasion.

Some plots in site A in 2019 (Photo: Xiaojuan Liu).

Design

The experiment consists of two sites (site A, site B), 5 km apart, with two separate species pools that overlap by only 8 species out of the overall tree species pool of 40. All species are equally represented at each diversity level. At one of the two sites, trees of known maternal seed families were planted for 13 tree species.

The plots were planted with a decreasing number of species. The most species-rich plots contain 24 species; plots with 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 and even without trees species were established according to different extinction schemes. In addition, plots with economically important species, plots for free succession and plots with shrub monocultures were planted. Within every plot, 400 trees were planted in a regular fashion (0.6 trees m-2), but mixture of different species was random. In the outer part of the plots, subplots are manipulated to study, e.g., vascular plants in the herb layer, mycorrhiza, decomposers, and herbivores.

Arrangement of the plots at the two sites. The yellow plots are monocultures but also plots planted with commercially important tree species: Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana.

Site characteristics

	BEF-China (Xingangshan)
Country	China
Biome	subtropical
Latitude	29.12
Longitude	117.91
Soil type	Cambisols and Cambisol derivatives, interfered by Regosols on ridges and crests
Design	stem-wise randomisation
Plot shape	square
Plot size (m^2)	667
Plant distance (m)	1.29
Number of trees planted	307 200
Planting date	2009, 2010
Diversity variables	species richness shrub species richness genetic diversity
Diversity gradient	0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 tree sp. 2, 4, 8 shrub sp.
Size species pool	40 broadleaved tree species + 18 shrub species + 2 commercial coniferous species
Species pool	Acer davidii Ailanthus altissima Alniphyllum fortunei Betula luminifera Castanea henryi Castanopsis carlesii Castanopsis eyrei Castanopsis fargesii Castanopsis sclerophylla Celtis biondii Choerospondias axillaris Cinnamomum camphora Cyclobalanopsis glauca Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia Daphniphyllum oldhamii Diospyros japonica Elaeocarpus chinensis Elaeocarpus glabripetalus Elaeocarpus japonicus Idesia polycarpa Koelreuteria bipinnata Liquidambar formosana Lithocarpus glaber Machilus grijsii Machilus leptophylla Machilus thunbergii Manglietia fordiana Melia azedarach Meliosma flexuosa Nyssa sinensis Phoebe bournei Quercus acutissima Quercus fabri Quercus phillyraeoides Quercus serrata Rhus chinensis Sapindus saponaria Schima superba Triadica cochinchinensis Triadica sebifera Ardisia crenata Camellia chekiangoleosa Distylium buxifolium Distylium myricoides Euonymus myrianthus Eurya muricata Ficus erecta Gardenia jasminoides Hydrangea chinensis Itea omeiensis Loropetalum chinense Photinia hirsuta Phyllanthus glaucus Rhaphiolepis indica Rhododendron ovatum Rhododendron simsii Syzygium buxifolium Viburnum setigerum Cunninghamia lanceolata Pinus massoniana
Contact person	Xiaojuan Liu
Email	liuxiaojuan06@ibcas.ac.cn

Research

We study the effects of species richness and composition on a range of ecosystem functions, including primary productivity, carbon and nutrient cycling, soil processes, the abundance and biodiversity of other trophic groups, and soil erosion. We also investigate whether genetic diversity affects tree performance, multitrophic interactions, and the response to different species diversity levels or environmental variables such as light availability, which may itself be affected by species diversity.

Extra information

Send an e-mail to the contact person, visit the experiment’s own website, or explore the publications that utilized data from this experiment.

PhD thesis

Schnabel F 2022 Forest productivity and stability under drought: the role of tree species richness, structural diversity and drought-tolerance trait diversity. PhD thesis, Leipzig University
Goebes P 2015 Mechanisms of soil erosion in subtropical forests of China - effects of biodiversity, species identity, tree architecture and spatial variability on erosivity. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen
Kröber W 2015 Stomatal control, xylem hydraulics and leaf morphology in the 40 BEF-China tree species: trait interrelationships, functional diversity and tree growth prediction. PhD thesis, Martin Luther University
Goebes P 2015 Mechanisms of soil erosion in subtropical forests of China - effects of biodiversity, species identity, tree architecture and spatial variability on erosivity. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen
Kröber 2015 Stomatal control, xylem hydraulics and leaf morphology in the 40 BEF-China tree species: trait interrelationships, functional diversity and tree growth prediction. PhD thesis, Martin Luther University

Research papers

Blondeel H, Guillemot J, Martin‐StPaul N, Druel A, Bilodeau‐Gauthier S, Bauhus J, … Baeten L 2024 Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought. Journal of Ecology 112(5): 1164-1180 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14294
Chen Y, Wang MQ, Pan X, Liang C, Xie Z, Scheu S, Maraun M, Chen J 2024 Season affects soil oribatid mite communities more than tree diversity in subtropical forests. Geoderma (443): 116826 - doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116826.
Fornoff F, Lanner J, Orr M, Xie T, Guo S, Guariento E, Tuerlings T, Smagghe G, Parys K, Ćetković A, Bila Dubaić J, Geslin B, Scharnhorst VS, Pachinger B, Klein AM, Meimberg H 2024 Home-and-away comparisons of life history traits indicate enemy release and founder effects of the solitary bee, Megachile sculpturalis. Basic and Applied Ecology - doi: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.02.008
Pan Y, Wang Y, He X, Zhang S, Song X, Zhang N 2024 Plant–soil feedback is dependent on tree mycorrhizal types and tree species richness in a subtropical forest. Geoderma (442): 116780 - doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.116780.
Schnabel F, Barry KE, Eckhardt S, Guillemot J, Geilmann H, Kahl A, Moossen H, Bauhus J, Wirth C 2024 Neighbourhood species richness and drought-tolerance traits modulate tree growth and δ¹³C responses to drought. Plant Biology (26) 2: 330–345 - doi: 10.1111/plb.13611.
Vázquez-González C, Castagneyrol B, Muiruri EW, Barbaro L, Abdala-Roberts L, Barsoum N, Fründ J, Glynn C, Jactel H, McShea WJ, Mereu S, Mooney KA, Morillas L, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker, WC, Roales J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schuldt A, Verheyen K, Weih M, Yang B, Koricheva J 2024 Tree diversity enhances predation by birds but not by arthropods across climate gradients. Ecol Lett (27): e14427
Yu W, Albert G, Rosenbaum B, Schnabel F, Bruelheide H, Connolly J, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Trogisch S, Ruger N, Brose U 2024 Systematic distributions of interaction strengths across tree interaction networks yield positive diversity-productivity relationships. Ecology Letters (27): e14338 -doi: 10.1111/ele.14338.
Zhang HT, Gheyret G, Bai YH, Guo Y, Li S, Schmid B, Bruelheide H, Ma K, Tang Z 2024 Functional dissimilarity in mixed forests promotes stem radial growth by mitigating tree water deficit. National Science Review. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwad320/7478021.
Depauw L, De Lombaerde E, Dhiedt E, Blondeel H, Abdala-Roberts L, Auge H, Barsoum N, Bauhus J, Chu C, Damtew A, Eisenhauer N, V. Fagundes M, Ganade G, Gendreau-Berthiaume B, Godbold D, Gravel D, Guillemot J, Hajek P, Hector A, Hérault B, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Kreft H, Liu X, Mereu S, Messier C, Muys B, Nock CA, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Paterno, GB, Perring MP, Ponette Q, Potvin C, Reich PB, Rewald B, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schnabel F, Sousa-Silva R, Weih M, Clara Zemp D, Verheyen K, Baeten L 2024 Enhancing Tree Performance Through Species Mixing: Review of a Quarter-Century of TreeDivNet Experiments Reveals Research Gaps and Practical Insights. Current Forestry Reports - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00208-y
Anttonen P, Perles-Garcia M, Kunz M, von Oheimb G, Li Y, Bruelheide H, Ma K, Zhu CD, Schuldt A 2023 Predation pressure by arthropods, birds, and rodents is interactively shaped by tree species richness, vegetation structure, and season. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (11): 1199670 - doi: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1199670.
Beugnon R, Bu W, Bruelheide H, Davrinche A, Du J, Haider S, … Eisenhauer N 2023 Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration. Ecological Monographs (93)2: e1563 - doi: 10.1002/ecm.1563.
Beugnon R, Eisenhauer N, Bruelheide H, Davrinche A, Du J, Haider S, … Cesarz S 2023 Tree diversity effects on litter decomposition are mediated by litterfall and microbial processes. Oikos (2023) 10: e09751 - doi: 10.1111/oik.09751.
Castro Sanchez-Bermejo P, Davrinche A, Matesanz S, Harpole WS, Haider S 2023 Within-individual leaf trait variation increases with phenotypic integration in a subtropical tree diversity experiment. New Phytologist (240) 4: 1390–1404 -doi: 10.1111/nph.19250.
Chen J, Wang MQ, Li Y, Chesters D, Luo A, Zhang W, Guo P, Zhou Q, Ma K, von Oheimb G, Kunz M, Zhang N, Liu X, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhu C 2023 Functional and phylogenetic relationships link predators to plant diversity via trophic and non-trophic pathways. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences (290) 1990: 20221658 - doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1658.
Deng M, Hu S, Guo L, Jiang L, Huang Y, Schmid B, Liu C, Chang P, Li S, Liu X, Ma K, Liu L 2023 Tree mycorrhizal association types control biodiversity-productivity relationship in a subtropical forest. Science Advances (9) 3: eadd4468 - doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add4468.
Desie E, Zuo J, Verheyen K, Djukic I, Van Meerbeek K, Auge H, Barsoum N, Baum C, Bruelheide H, Eisenhauer N, Feldhaar H, Ferlian O, Gravel D, Jactel H, Kappel Schmidt I, Kepfer-Rojas S, Meredieu C, Mereu S, Messier C, Morillas L, Nock C, Paquette A, Ponette Q, Reich PB, Roales J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Seitz S, Schmidt A, Stefanski A, Trogisch S, van Halder I, Weih M, Williams LJ, Yang B, Muys B 2023 Disentangling drivers of litter decomposition in a multi-content network of tree diversity experiments. Science of the Total Environment 857(3): 159717 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159717
Jia Y, Liu Z, Zhou L, Liu X, Ma K, Feng X 2023 Soil organic carbon sourcing variance in the rhizosphere vs. non-rhizosphere of two mycorrhizal tree species. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 176, 108884. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108884.
Li Y, Du X, Su X, Han X, Liang W, Wang Z, Bruelheide H, Bezemer TM, Li Q 2023 Local-scale soil nematode diversity in a subtropical forest depends on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of neighbor trees. Plant and Soil (486) 1-2: 441–454 - doi: 10.1007/s11104-023-05882-2.
Li Y, Du YB, Chen JT, Wang MQ, Guo SK, Schuldt A, … Zhu CD 2023 Tree dissimilarity determines multi-dimensional beta diversity of herbivores and carnivores via bottom-up effects. Journal of Animal Ecology (92): 442–453 - doi: 10.1111/1365
Li Y, Schmid B, Schuldt A, Li S, Wang MQ, Fornoff F, Staab M, Guo PF, Anttonen P, Chesters D, Bruelheide H, Zhu CD, Ma K, Liu X 2023 Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. Nature Ecology & Evolution (7,) 832–840 - doi: 10.1038/s41559-023-02049-1.
Li Y, Wang MQ, Chesters D, Anttonen P, Guo SK, … Zhu CD 2023 Differential impacts on herbivore diversity and scale‐dependence of tree diversity in subtropical forests. Journal of Ecology (111) 3: 666–675 -doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.14054.
Lin H, Zhang S, Liu X, Ma K, Zhang N 2023 Subtropical forest tree genetic richness causes contrasting effects on soil fungal guilds in monocultures and mixed-species stands. Forest Ecology and Management (545): 121285 -doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121285.
Liu S, Yang H, Zhou L, Jin SS, Xie L, Lin C, He JZ, Zheng Y 2023 Dynamic response of root-associated fungal community structure to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a subtropical forest. Pedobiologia (101): 150909 - doi: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2023.150909.
Schuldt A, Liu X, Buscot F, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A, He J, Klein, AM, Ma K, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Scholten T, Tang Z, Trogisch S, Wirth C, Wubet T, Staab M 2023 Carbon-biodiversity relationships in a highly diverse subtropical forest. Global Change Biology (29) 18, 5321–5333 - doi: 10.1111/gcb.16697.
Singavarapu B, Du J, Beugnon R, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Xue K, Wang Y, Bruelheide H, Wubet T 2023 Functional potential of soil microbial communities and their subcommunities varies with tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity. Microbiology spectrum (11) 2: 1-19 - doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04578-22.
Staab M, Pietsch S, Yan H, Bluthgen N, Cheng A, Li Y, Zhang N, Ma K, Liu X 2023 Dear neighbor: Trees with extrafloral nectaries facilitate defense and growth of adjacent undefended trees. Ecology, e4057 - doi: 10.1002/ecy.4057.
Tao S, Veen GF, Zhang N, Yu T, Qu L 2023 Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea. Microbiome (11) 261 - doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01676-x
Wang MQ, Wen Z, Ke J, Chesters D, Li Y, Chen, JT, Luo A , Shi X, Zhou QS, Liu XJ, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhu CD 2023 Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover. Oecologia (203): 205–218 - doi: 10.1007/s00442-023-05463-1.
Wang QC, Jin SS, Liu S, Song G, Duan C, Lü PP, … Zheng Y 2023 Phosphorus amendment alters soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functional guild compositions in a subtropical forest. Journal of Soils and Sediments (23) 7= 2700-271 - doi: 10.1007/s11368-023-03510-1.
Wu D, Seibold S, Pietsch, KA, Ellwood MDF, Yu M 2023 Tree species richness increases spatial variation but not overall wood decomposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry (183): 109060 - doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109060.
Xiong H, Zhang N, Koike T, Tao S, Qu L 2023 Tree mycorrhizal types and the interaction between tree and shrub species richness shape soil fungal communities in a subtropical forest in China. Plant and Soil (493): 61–77 - doi: 10.1007/s11104-023-06211-3.
Yang X, Wang P, Xiao B, Xu Q, Guo Q, Li SP, Guo L, Deng M, Lu J, Liu L, Ma K, Schmid B, Jiang L 2023 Different assembly mechanisms of leaf epiphytic and endophytic bacterial communities underlie their higher diversity in more diverse forests. Journal of Ecology (111) 5: 970–981 - doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.14084.
Zuo H, Xu W, Liu Z Smaill SJ, Zhou X 2023 Long-term plant diversity increases soil extractable organic carbon and nitrogen contents in a subtropical forest. Science of the Total Environment (878) 163118 - doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163118.
FAO 2023 Towards more resilient and diverse planted forests. Unasylva (254)74: 2031/1. Rome. https://doi. org/10.4060/cc8584en
Albert G, Gauzens B, Loreau M, Wang S, Brose U 2022 The hidden role of multi-trophic interactions in driving diversity-productivity relationships. Ecology Letters 25(2): 405-415 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13935
Anttonen P, Li Y, Chesters D, Davrinche A, Haider S, Bruelheide H, … Liu X 2022 Leaf nutritional content, tree richness, and season shape the caterpillar functional trait composition hosted by trees. Insects (13) 12: 1100 - doi: 10.3390/insects13121100.
Cesarz S, Craven D, Auge H, Bruelheide H, Castagneyrol B, Gutknecht J, … Xu, X 2022 Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context dependent across forest diversity experiments. Global Ecology and Biogeography (31) 5: 872-885 - doi: 10.1111/geb.13461
Gan H, Li X, Wang Y, Lü P, Ji N, Yao H, Li S, Guo L 2022 Plants Play Stronger Effects on Soil Fungal than Bacterial Communities and Co-Occurrence Network Structures in a Subtropical Tree Diversity Experiment. Microbiology Spectrum - https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00134-22
Huang YY, Schuldt A, Hoenig L, Yang B, Liu XJ, Bruelheide H, Ma KP, Schmid B, Niklaus PA 2022 Effects of enemy exclusion on biodiversity-productivity relationships in a subtropical forest experiment. Journal of ecology – https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13940
Liu M, Xu X, Yang B, Zhang N, Ma Z, van Dam NM, Bruelheide H 2022 Niche partitioning in nitrogen uptake among subtropical tree species enhances biomass production. Science of the Total Environment 823: 153716 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153716
Liu X, Huang Y, Chen L, Li S, Bongers FJ, Castro‐Izaguirre N, Liang Y, Yang B, Chen Y, Schnabel F, Tang T, Xue Y, Trogisch S, Staab M, Bruelheide H, Schmid B, Ma K 2022 Species richness, functional traits and climate interactively affect tree survival in a large forest biodiversity experiment. Journal of Ecology - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13970
Perles-Garcia MD, Kunz M, Fichtner A, Meyer N, Hardtle W, vonOheimb G 2022 Neighbourhood Species Richness Reduces Crown Asymmetry of Subtropical Trees in Sloping Terrain. Remote Sensing 14: 6 – https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061441
Singavarapu B, Beugnon R, Bruelheide H, Cesarz S, Du J, Eisenhauer N, Guo L, Nawaz A, Wang Y, Xue K, Wubet T 2022 Tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity shape the forest soil microbiota. Environmental Microbiology (24) 9: 4236–4255 - doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15690.
Tang T, Zhang N, Bongers FJ, Staab M, Schuldt A, Fornoff F, … Liu X 2022 Tree species and genetic diversity increase productivity via functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. eLife (11): e78703 - doi: 10.7554/eLife.78703.
Wang M, Yan C, Luo A, Li Y, Chesters D, Qiao H, Chen J, Zhou Q, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhang Z, Zhu C 2022 Phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, and spatial scale determine herbivore co‐occurrence in a subtropical forest. Ecological Monographs (92) 1: e01492 -doi: 10.1002/ecm.1492.
Wang Q-C, Yang L-M, Song G, Jin S-S, Hu H-W, Wu F, Zheng Y, He J-Z 2022 The accumulation of microbial residues and plant lignin phenols are more influenced by fertilization in young than mature subtropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management 509: 120074 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120074
Weinhold A, Doll S, Liu M, Schedl A, Poschl Y, Xu X, Neumann S, van Dam NM 2022 Tree species richness differentially affects the chemical composition of leaves, roots and root exudates in four subtropical tree species. Journal of Ecology (110) 1: 97-116 - doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13777.
Yang B, Liang Y, Schmid B, Baruffol M, Li Y, He L, Salmon Y, Tian Q, Niklaus PA, Ma K 2022 Soil fungi promote biodiversity–productivity relationships in experimental communities of young trees. Ecosystems (25): 858–871 - doi: 10.1007/s10021-021-00689-7.
Beugnon R, Ladouceur E, Sünnemann M, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N 2022 Diverse forests are cool: Promoting diverse forests to mitigate carbon emissions and climate change. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 1: 5-8 - https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12005
Beugnon R, Du J, Cesarz S, Jurburg SD, Pang Z, Singavarapu B, Wubet T, Xue K, Wang Y, Eisenhauer N 2021 Tree diversity and soil chemical properties drive the linkages between soil microbial community and ecosystem functioning. ISME Communications 1(41)- https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-021-00040-0
Bongers FJ, Schmid B, Bruelheide H, Bongers F, Li S, von Oheimb G, Li Y, Cheng A, Ma K, Liu X 2021 Functional diversity effects on productivity increase with age in a forest biodiversity experiment. Nature Ecology & Evolution 5: 1594-1603 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01564-3
Davrinch A, Haider 2021 Intra-specific leaf trait responses to species richness at two different local scales. Basic and Applied Ecology 55: 20-32 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.04.011
Germany MS, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A, Wagg C 2021 Drivers of understorey biomass: tree species identity is more important than richness in a young forest. Journal of Plant Ecology 14(3): 465-477 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab004
Gheyret G, Zhang H, Guo Y, Liu T, Bai Y, Li S, Schmid B, Bruelheide H, Ma K, Tang Z 2021 Radial growth response of trees to seasonal soil humidity in a subtropical forest. Basic and Applied Ecology - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.015
Guo P, Wang M, Orr M, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Q, Staab M, Fornoff F, Chen G, Zhang N, Klein A-M, Zhu C 2021 Tree diversity promotes predatory wasps and parasitoids but not pollinator bees in a subtropical experimental forest. Basic and Applied Ecology 53:134-142 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.03.007
Hildebrand M, Perles-Garcia MD, Kunz M, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Fichtner A 2021 Tree-tree interactions and crown complementarity: The role of functional diversity and branch traits for canopy packing. Basic and Applied Ecology 50: 217-227 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.12.003
Jansen K, von Oheimb G, Bruelheide H, Härdtle W, Fichtner A 2021 Tree species richness modulates water supply in the local tree neighbourhood: evidence from wood δ13C signatures in a large-scale forest experiment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 288: 20203100 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3100
Jia Y, Zhai G, Zhu S, Liu X, Schmid B, Wang Z, Ma K, Feng X 2021  Plant and microbial pathways driving plant diversity effects on soil carbon accumulation in subtropical forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 161: 108375 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108375
Kwon T, Shibata H, Kepfer-Rojas S, Schmidt IK, Larsen KS, Beier C, Berg B, Verheyen K, Lamarque J-F, Hagedorn F, Eisenhauer N, Djukic I, TeaCompositionNetwork 2021 Effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on early to mid-term stage litter decomposition across biomes. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4: 678480 - https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.678480
Li X, Qian X, Gao C, Seitz S, Scholten T, Wang Y, Yao H, Gan H, Guo L 2021 Plant identity strongly structures the root-associated fungal community in a diverse subtropical forest. Basic and Applied Ecology - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.002
Li Y, Chesters D, Wang M, Wubet T, Schuldt A, Anttonen P, Guo P, Chen J, Zhou Q, Zhang N, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Wu C, Zhu C 2021 Tree diversity and functional leaf traits drive herbivore-associated microbiomes in subtropical China. Ecology and Evolution 11(11): 6153-6166 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7434
Löffler F, Schuldt A, König-Ries B, Bruelheide H, Klan F 2021 A test collection for dataset retrieval in biodiversity research. Research Ideas and Outcomes 7: e67887 - https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.7.e67887
Ma L, Bongers FJ, Li S, Tang T, Yang B, Ma K, Liu X 2021 Species identity and composition effects on community productivity in a subtropical forest. Basic and Applied Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.005
Maitra P, Zheng Y, Wang Y-L, Mandal D, Lü P-P, Gao C, Babalola BJ, Ji N-N, Li X-C, Guo L-D 2021  Phosphorus fertilization rather than nitrogen fertilization, growing season and plant successional stage structures arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a subtropical forest. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 57(5): 685-697 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-021-01554-4
Perles‐Garcia MD, Kunz M, Fichtner A, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G 2021 Tree species richness promotes an early increase of stand structural complexity in young subtropical plantations. Journal of Applied Ecology - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13973
Rutten G, Hönig L, Schwaß R, Braun U, Saadani M, Schuldt A, Michalski SG, Bruelheide H, Mommer L 2021 More diverse tree communities promote foliar fungal pathogen diversity, but decrease infestation rates per tree species, in a subtropical biodiversity experiment. Journal of Ecology 109(5): 2068-2080 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13620
Saadani M, Hönig L, Bien S, Koehler M, Rutten G, Wubet T, Braun U, Bruelheide H 2021 Local tree diversity suppresses foliar fungal infestation and decreases morphological but not molecular richness in a young subtropical forest. Journal of Fungi 7: 173 -https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7030173
Schnabel F, Liu X, Kunz M, Barry KE, Bongers FJ, Bruelheide H, Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Li S, Pfaff C-T, Schmid B, Schwarz JA, Tang Z, Yang B, Bauhus J, von Oheimb G, Ma K, Wirth C 2021 Species richness stabilizes productivity via asynchrony and drought-tolerance diversity in a large-scale tree biodiversity experiment. Science Advances 7 - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abk1643
Shen Z, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zhong Y, Xi N, Zhu X, Lin W, He Q, Luo W, Liu S, Wei W, Liu H, Jiang Y, Wang W, Chen D, Xiao J, Tang H, Li B, Chu C, Wang Y 2021 Neighborhood effects and environmental variables drive sapling growth in a young subtropical tree plantation. Forest Ecology and Management 483(1): 118929 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.118929
Singavarapu B, Beugnon R, Bruelheide H, Cesarz S, Du J, Eisenhauer N, Guo L, Nawaz A, Wang Y, Xue K, Wubet T 2021 Tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity shape the forest soil microbiota. Environmental Microbiology - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15690
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